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A Guide To Artificial Intelligence and Law Resources

This page contains links to information and resources relevant to the study of Artificial Intelligence and Law.

Disclaimer: Please note that we cannot accept any liability in respect of the ownership, content or accuracy of any materials at these sites as we are unable to check them regularly or thoroughly.

CONTENTS

* Calls for Papers * Workshops and Conferences
* Associations * Research Groups and Centres
* Relevant Law Journals and Publishers * On-line Papers
* Courses * Researchers
* AI and Law Publications * Commercial
* Other Useful Sites * Systems - available over the Internet!

* Archives of the Artificial Intelligence and Law mailing list. This list can also be searched.


Calls for Papers

* LOGIC, COMPUTATION, LAW - a Workshop in Honor of Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón, Pisa, Italy, 21 and 22 October 1996. In Memoriam Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón.

Three special issues are in preparation, for two international journals in computing for law. Inquiries should be directed to the respective contact, as listed.

* Special Issue on Judicial Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence and Law Journal. Guest Editor Contact Information:

* Special Issue on Time and Evidence, Artificial Intelligence and Law Journal. Guest Editor Contact Information:

* Special Issue on Formal and Computational Models of Legal Narratives, Law, Computers and Artificial Intelligence. Guest Editor Contact Information:

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Workshops and Conferences

* Sixth International Conference on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and LAW - Call for Papers for this conference to be held at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia on June 30 -July 3, 1997.

* JURIX '96 Ninth International Conference on Legal Knowledge-Based Systems.

* LOGIC, COMPUTATION, LAW - a Workshop in Honor of Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón, Pisa, Italy, 21 and 22 October 1996. In Memoriam Carlos Eduardo Alchourrón.

* Fifth National Conference on Law, Computers and Artificial Intelligence The organisers of this conference are based at Exeter University.

* The International Conference on Logic Programming sometimes has workshops on the legal application of logic programming.

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Associations

* The American Association for Artificial Intelligence. It has a subgroup specifically devoted to the use of artificial intelligence in law.

* The International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law. Lots of useful information about the Society. Includes a contents list for all the ICAIL proceedings.

* JURIX The Foundation for Legal Knowledge Systems. This sites contains links to many Dutch sites related to artificial intelligence and law, including some that are not listed here (since they are only provided in Dutch).

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Research Groups and Centres

* Check out these expert systems developed by the ACT Attorney General's Department.

* Department of Computer Science and Law at the University of Amsterdam.

* The Department of Computer Science at The Australian National University provides information about SHYSTER, a case based reasoning system. The code for the system is also available here.

* The Knowledge Based Systems Group in the Department of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh has produced a Case-Based Reasoning System to Support the Relaxation of Building Regulations

* The Centre for Criminology and the Social and Philosophical Study of Law at the University of Edinburgh has an interesest in artificial intelligence and law.

* EURIDIS The Erasmus University Research Institute for Decision and Information Systems.

* CNR - Institute for Legal Documentation - Florence and their gopher site.

* CRID - Centre de recherche informatique et droit at the Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix. In French.

* The Internal Revenue Service has developed an expert system, The Employee/Contractor Determiner, which aids in determining when a worker is an employee vs. an independent contractor. It is projected that annual salary savings over $1 million, or increased revenues over $22 million, will result from nation-wide implementation.

*The FLAIR project is a joint venture between the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law and International Compu Research, Inc and has created FlexLaw, a rule-based expert system for searching full text legal databases.

* The University of Kaiserslautern is involved in a project entitled "The Intelligent Land Use Plan" which is an expert system dealing with land use planning regulations.

* The Institute for New Generation Computer Technolgy, Japan provides knowledge processing software relevant to legal reasoning.

* Richard Fox at the University of Texas - Pan American leads a team interested in abduction and layered abduction and have produced a system called Peyer which utelises these.

* The Logic Programming Section of the Department of Computing, Imperial College has an interest in legal reasoning.

* The United States Sentencing Commission provides ASSYST, an expert system providing support for sentencing decisions, for downloading.

* The Interdisciplinary Centre for Law & Information Technology in the law faculty at the Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven.

* LIAL - Legal Informatics at Liverpool. An informal forum which exists to encourage computer scientists with different specialisms to apply their expertise to the legal domain.

* The Department of Metajuridica at the University of Limburg.

* The Case-Based Reasoning Group at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. This group has developed some of the best AI and Law CBR systems.

* INSTITUT FÜR RECHTSINFORMATIK at the Universität Hannover. Materials in German.

* University of Montreal - Faculty of Law, Centre de recherche en droit public conducts research into computer science and law, including artificial intelligence and law.

* New HELIC-II developed by the Institute for New Generation Computer Technology, Japan. A few papers realted to the project are also provided here

* The New York Customs Service has developed an Automated Targeting Systems for Law Enforcement.

* The Norwegian Research Centre for Computers and Law.

* RAND. This site can also be searched.

* Saarbrucken University (Germany). Material s mostly in German.

* Department of Public Administration and Public Policy at the University of Twente.

* The STARLAB at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel has a number a projects planned in AI and law.

* The Swedish Law & Informatics Research Institute.

* UCSD provides a little early information on SCALIR, a Symbolic and Connectionist Approach to Legal Information Retrieval.

* The Centre for Law and Informatization at the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands.

* Work on understanding legal arguments has been performed by members of Victoria University, New Zealand.

* The ZENO Project at the German National Research Centre for Computer Science. Another paper on the ZENO project can be found here.

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Relevant Law Journals and Publishers

Journals

* MIT Journal of Computer-Aided Litigation.

* PC AI Magazine occassionally contains articles relevant to AI and law.

* Rutgers Computer & Technology Law Journal.

* The Institute for Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands. The Institute publishes THINK which contains articles relevant to the field of artificial intelligence and law.

* The Artificial Intelligence and Law Journal. Information for authors. Calls for papers can be accessed here.

* The Computer and High Technology Law Journal from Santa Clara University, California.

* The Berkely Technology Law Journal (formerly The High Technology Law Journal) from Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkely.

* Journal of Law and Technology published by Harvard University.

* The Journal of Law and Information Science An Australian journal based at Tasmania University which often has articles relating to the use of AI in law. Hull University's Information Law and Technology Unit has an archive of abstracts from previous volumes.

* The Journal of Information, Law and Technology sometimes contains articles relating to law and Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Based Systems. These include: Commercialising Legal Neural Networks by Dan Hunter, Representations of Knowledge and Discretionary Decision-Making by Decision-Support Systems : the Case of Judicial Sentencing by Cyrus Tata, John N. Wilson and Neil Hutton, and Is a computer capable of interpreting case law? by Prof. R.V. De Mulder and C.J.M. Combrink-Kuiters.

Publishers

* Dartmouth Publishing. Their catalogue can also be searched.

* Elsevier. Their catalogue can be searched.

* Kluwer. Their catalogue can be searched.

* IOS Press

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On-line Papers

Note that many of the pages in the sections "AI and Law Researchers" and 'Research Groups and Centres' contain links to papers and other materials not explicitly referenced below. The best source of information about papers in AI and Law is of course the bibliography, accessible from this pages.

* Andrew Greinke has written a paper titled Legal Expert Systems: A Humanistic Critique of Mechanical Legal Inference.

* Andrew Tjay Kwie Lim has written a paper titled INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT FOR LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT: TOOLS FOR THE LEGISLATIVE ENGINEER.

* JC Smith from the University of Brisith Columbia several papers available for downloading. J C Smith has also written a paper with Daphne Gelbart, titled Legal Reasoning, Legal Theory, and Artificial Intelligence.

* One of the papers produced under the KADS-II Esprit Project is on modelling legal reasoning.

* Philip Greenspun and Marc Lauritsen have written a paper titled Making Way for Intelligence in Case Space in MIT Journal of Computer-Aided Litigation.

* The Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford University provides a report on a case-based legal reasoner it has produced in the medical domain.

* Kagayama Shigeru of the Chair of Civil Law II, Osaka University has produced this paper entitled "The Fundamentals of Expert Systems on Tort in Japan."

* Ronald Loui has written this paper on Hart's Critics on Defeasible Concepts and Ascriptivism, a preliminary text for the Fifth International Conference on AI and Law.

* Nomic is a game invented by Peter Suber. This game has strong overlaps with law and logic and may be of interest to those interested in AI and law. The FAQ can be found here.

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Courses

* This course on artificial intelligence and Law is taught by Carole Haffner.

* This course, titled Law and Artificial Intelligence is run by the University of Melbournne, Australia.

*The Universidad de Zaragoza in Spain runs a Master on Sciences and Techniques in criminal investigation a component of which is artificial intelligence and legal document retrieval.

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Researchers

Please let us know if you have a home page that we should include here.

:-) Michael Aikenhead.

:-) Layman E Allen.

:-) Apostolos Antonacopoulos

:-) Timothy Arnold-Moore.

:-) Kevin Ashley.

:-) Jonas Barklund.

:-) Moss Byrett.

:-) Trevor Bench-Capon.

:-) Jon Bing.

:-) Richard K Belew.

:-) Karl Branting.

:-) M Paul Bratley.

:-) Joost Breuker.

:-) Indira Carr.

:-) Laurence Cholvy.

:-) Frans Coenen

:-) Barbara Cuthill.

:-) Jody J. Daniels

:-) Aspassia Daskalopulu.

:-) Robert Dupuis.

:-) Paul E. Dunne

:-) Michael Dyer.

:-) Mikael Fraunberg.

:-) Timur Friedman.

:-) Tom Gedeon.

:-) Seth Goldman.

:-) Forouzan Golshani.

:-) Thomas Gordon.

:-) Graham Greenleaf.

:-) Philip Greenspun.

:-) Cees Groendjik.

:-) Nienke den Haan.

:-) Carole Hafner.

:-) Andreas Hamfelt.

:-) Patricia Hassett.

:-) Henning Herrestad.

:-) Moonja Kim.

:-) Robert Kowalski

:-) Robert van Kralingen.

:-) Christen Krogh.

:-) Ken Lambert.

:-) Phillip Leith.

:-) Arno Lodder.

:-) Jeff Lorenzen.

:-) Ronald Loui.

:-) Robert McCartney.

:-) Thorne McCarty.

:-) Bruce McLaren.

:-) Luuk Matthijssen.

:-) Dieter Merkl.

:-) Naftaly Minsky.

:-) Andrew Mowbray.

:-) Ajit Narayanan.

:-) Ephraim Nissan.

:-) Geert-Jan van Opdorp.

:-) Anja Oskamp.

:-) Ramesh Patil.

:-) Lothar Philipps.

:-) James Popple.

:-) Henry Prakken.

:-) Edwina Rissland.

:-) Tom Routen.

:-) Pierre St-Vincent.

:-) Uri Schild.

:-) Tobias Schleider.

:-) Joost Schrickx.

:-) Marek Sergot.

:-) David Skalak.

:-) J C Smith.

:-) Paul Soper.

:-) Georges Span.

:-) Erich Schweighofer

:-) Claude Thomasset.

:-) Francesca Toni

:-) Maaike Tragter.

:-) Daniela Tiscornia.

:-) Alan L Tyree.

:-) Andre Valente.

:-) Egon M. Verharen.

:-) Pepijn Visser.

:-) Peter Wahlgren.

:-) David Warner.

:-) Werner Winiwarter.

:-) Radboud Winkels.

:-) John Zeleznikow.

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Commercial

* Arthur Andersen provide various Technology Solutions for Corporate Tax Departments.

* Attar Software are the devlopers of XpertRule, which has been used for numerous purposes including the construction of a Swedish VAT (Value Added Tax) tax advisor and training system.

* EP Expert from Eidelman Associates provides a practice system "starter kit" for estate planners.

* EXSYS Expert System Software and Services. These guys produce expert systems software that has been used to produce various legal and regulatory applications. Check out their Web demos!

* Legal Expert Systems Limited provide various computerised tools for lawyers.

* Softlaw: information about this Australian company which has produced several large computerised legal applications that utelise artificial intelligence technologies.

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Other useful sites

Case-Based Reasoning

* The CBR Home Page maintained by Ian Watson. A large structered set of resources relating to case-based reasoning.

* Another large well organised list of Case-Based Reasoning Resources, maintained by David W. Aha.

* Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval (University of Massachusetts, Amherst).

Artificial intelligence

* Artificial Intelligence Resources. A Canadian megalist of general AI resources.

Law

* The WWW Virtual Law Library.

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Systems available over the Internet!

Take a break from writing papers and have some fun experimenting with these systems.

* Check out these expert systems developed by the ACT Attorney General's Department.

* EXSYS Expert System Software and Services provide several systems that you can experiment with.

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Please send all comments/contributions/criticism to Michael Aikenhead.


Last revised: 30 January 1997